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Objective: To examine the clinical value of routine contrast esophagram (RCE) for the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage (AL) after three-incision esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis. Methods: Clinical data of 1 022 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent McKeown three-incision esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis from January 2015 to December 2019 at Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute were analyzed retrospectively. There were 876 males and 146 females, aging(M(IQR)) 48(16) years (range: 36 to 84 years). There were 253 patients (24.8%) with neoadjuvant therapy, and 817 patients (79.9%) with minimally invasive esophagectomy. According to the diagnosis and treatment habits of the attending surgeons, 333 patients were included in the RCE group, and RCE was performed on the 7th day postoperative, while 689 patients were included in the non-RCE group, and RCE was performed when the patients had suspicious symptoms. Taking clinical symptoms, RCE, CT, endoscopy and other methods as reference to the diagnosis of AL, the sensitivity and specificity were used to analyze and evaluate the efficacy of RCE for the diagnosis of AL. The data were compared by U test or χ² test between groups. Results: The incidence rate of AL after three-incision esophagectomy was 7.34% (75/1 022), including 30 cases in the RCE group and 45 cases in the non-RCE group (9.0%(30/333) vs. 6.5%(45/689), χ²=2.027, P=0.155). The diagnostic time of AL was 9(5) days postoperative (range: 4 to 30 days). Among them, 23 cases showed cervical leakages, 50 cases showed intro-thoracic leakages, and 2 cases both cervical and intro-thoracic leakages. The diagnostic time of patients with intro-thoracic leakages was longer than that of cervical leakages (10(4) days vs. 6(3) days, Z=-2.517, P=0.012). Among the 333 patients in the RCE group, 16 cases of RCE indicated leakages including 11 cases of true positive and 5 cases determined to be false positive, while 317 cases indicated no abnormalities including 19 cases developed leakages. The sensitivity and specificity of RCE to detect AL were 36.7%(11/30) and 98.3%(298/333), respectively. The Youden-index was 0.35, and the diagnostic accuracy was 92.8%(309/333). The positive and negative predictive value were 11/16 and 94.0%(298/317), respectively. Conclusions: Routine contrast esophagram after three-incision esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis has low sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of AL. The diagnostic time of AL is the 9th day after surgery. It is necessary to prolong the observation time clinically, and combine RCE with CT, endoscopy and other inspection methods for diagnosis.
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Female , Humans , Male , Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects , Anastomotic Leak/etiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery , Esophagectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Surgical Wound/surgeryABSTRACT
Zuoguiwan is a classic prescription for replenishing vital essence, tonifying kidney-Yin and nourishing the bone marrow. Zuoguiwan is one of the effective prescriptions for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP), which reflects the thought of Reinforcing Yang from Yin. The OP animal model simulates the pathological state and pathogenesis of OP in human, which is an important means to research the pathogenesis of OP and verify the effect of drugs. In this paper, two kinds of animal models and characteristics of Zuoguiwan in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis were discussed in details. They are the primary osteoporosis animal models, including ovariectomized animal models and spontaneous elderly osteoporosis animal models, and the secondary osteoporosis models, including glucocorticoid-induced animal models, cyclophosphamide-induced animal models and subtotal nephrectomy animal models. The evaluation methods of Zuoguiwan in preventing and treating OP, including bone absorption markers and bone formation markers analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), bone mineral density detected with dual-energy X-ray, the number of trabeculae, trabecular segregation, trabecular thickness, bone volume/tissue volume ratio and bone surface/volume ratio analyzed using micro-CT, bone pathological morphology observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, bone biomechanical properties, such as the maximum load force based on biomechanical test. In order to provide scientific reference for the basic and clinical research of Zuoguiwan, the OP animal models and the pharmacodynamic effect of Zuoguiwan are evaluated comprehensively with five different and objective evaluation methods. However, the animal model of OP needs to be further optimized to highlight the pathogenesis and syndrome characteristics of Zuoguiwan in the treatment of OP.
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The cure of tumors is a difficulty in the world, and both the quality of life and the survival rate of patients remain low. Therefore, it is very meaningful to find a drug target to inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors. In recent years, autophagy or self-phagocytosis has become a hotspot of medical research. It can remove damaged or excess organelles from cells, be survived from external environmental pressures, and affect the survival, metabolism, differentiation, aging and death of tumor cells. The biological behavioral process plays important roles in remodeling and maintaining the dynamic balance of cell survival, especially in close relations to tumor development. Autophagy is also a double-edged sword in effect on a single tumor cell and the entire tumor. When the autophagy of the tumor cells is abnormal, or the cells are unable to remove the damaged substances in time under the conditions of hypoxia and nutrient deficiency, autophagy is beneficial to the proliferation and survival of the tumor cells. Contrarily, moderate autophagy acts as an inhibitor of tumors and has an anti-tumor effect. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of controlling tumors, with the advantages of low toxicity and multiple targets. Through overall and local therapies, it has a comprehensive therapeutic effect in cancer. With the deepening of tumor autophagy research, in addition to western medicine researches on tumor autophagy, there are also domestic and foreign researches on the autophagy in single herb and TCM compounds. The latest insights into the molecular mechanism of autophagy have led to the discovery of potential drug targets. At the same time, TCM researches have made some progress in tumor autophagy. The authors review the research progress of autophagy in TCM and the research progress of effect of TCM in regulating tumor autophagy, in the hopes to provide useful reference for effect of TCM in the treatment of autophagy.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of dampness-heat (DH) on the development of mammary tumors in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups in a randomized block design, including the control group (n=13), DMBA group (n=14), and DMBA plus DH group (n=13). Rats in the DMBA group and DMBA plus DH group were intragastrically administrated with DMBA (100 mg/kg) for twice, once per week, while rats in the control group were treated with equivalent volumes of sesame oil. After DMBA administration, rats in the DMBA plus DH group were exposed to a simulated climate chamber with ambient temperature (33.0±0.5°C) and humidity (90%±5%) for 8 weeks, 8 h per day. The body weight, time of tumor formation, and number of tumors were measured weekly to calculate tumor incidence, average latency period, average number of tumors, and average tumor weight. At the end of the experiment, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in serum, and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in serum and tumor tissue were measured, respectively. Some tumor tissues were processed for hematoxylin-eosin staining to determine the histopathological changes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with DMBA, DMBA plus DH significantly increased the average number of tumors, average tumor weight, levels of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, TNF-α and IL-1β, and contents of tumor tissue TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DH could accelerate the development of mammary tumors through increasing the expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1, TNF-α and IL-1β in DMBA-induced rats.</p>
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic liver injury, which is closely associated with insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility. Traditional Chinese herbs used in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are widely investigated in recent years. A series of recent studies show that the effects of the active components in traditional Chinese herbs on NAFLD are associated with activating AMPK signaling pathway, improving insulin resistance, modulating the activity and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and regulating intestinal flora. In this review, the potential therapeutic targets of the active components from traditional Chinese herbs for NAFLD would be summarized to provide a new thought for further research and clinical treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Objective To observe the concentration of the anti-HBs of children boosted with hepatitis A and B combined vaccine for 3 dosages, and to provide the basis for the implementation of hepatitis B booster immunization. Methods In September 2009 in Yuhuan by employing the cluster sampling method, 123 children, ranging from 6 to 9 years old, who had completed the basic immunization by 0-1-6 procedure without hepatitis B vaccine boosted and without anti-HBs were selected. In the year of 2011 (after 1 year of inoculation) and 2015 (5 years after inoculation), the venous blood samples were collected to determine the concentration of anti-HBs. Results Boosted with hepatitis A and B combined vaccine for 3 times, the anti-HBs of 102 subjects was tested in the next year, of which the anti-HBs of 82 subjects was detected again in the later 5 years. The results suggested that the positive rates of antibody enhanced were 92.16% after 1 year and 78.05% after 5 years, respectively. The average concentration of anti-HBs of these 82 subjects was 2.95 mIU/mL before inoculation, 141.76 mIU/mL one year later and 72.13 mIU/mL 5 years later and there was statistically significant difference among them (P <0.05) . The difference was not statistically significant between subjects with different years of birth (P>0.05) . Moreover, the interaction was existed between the year of blood detection and year of birth (P <0.05) . Conclusion To children aged 6-9 years old whose anti-HBs were negative after the primary immunization of hepatitis B, booster immunization with 3 dosages of hepatitis A and B combined vaccine shows good immune effect against hepatitis B virus.
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Objective To investigate whether Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy combined with adjuvant radiotherapy prevents lymphatic metastatic recurrence in esophageal cancer patients.Methods 113 Stage Ⅱ A esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy were accpected mRNA expression of Mucin1 gene detection.Positive patients were enrolled into adjuvant radiotherapy group(with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy).Negative patients were enrolled into control group (without postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy).The radiotherapy area consisted of the neck,supraclavicular region and the superior mediastinum(including praesophageal and pratracheal region).Survival difference was compared by x2 test,the Kaplan-Meier method was performed to calculate the survival rate and recurrence rate.Logistic regressive analysis was performed to determined independent risk factors.Results The radiotherapy area lymphatic metastatic recurrence rate in adjuvant radiotherapy group(16.7％,5/30) was lower than patients without postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (45.8％,38/83) (P ＜ 0.05).Only compared to positive patients without postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy(60.0％,6/10),the rate (16.7％,5/30) was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.01).Cancer recurrence was recognized in 48.6％ (55/113) patients within 3 year after operation,including 38.1％ (43/113) patients with radiotherapy area recurrence.In logistic analysis the T status (P＜ 0.01) and adjuvant radiotherapy (P ＜ 0.05) were independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis in the first 3 years after operation.Conclusion In Mucin1 mRNA-positive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients,adjuvant radiotherapy could significantly reduce the lymph node metastasis rate in the radiotherapy area after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy.Compared with traditional therapeutic methods,Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy combined with adjuvant radiotherapy can achieve similar curative effects in Mucin1 mRNA-positive patients.
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BACKGROUND:Exendin can regulate blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure, exert anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress effects, improve myocardial infarction and heart failure, and protect heart vessels. However, the effect on the apoptosis of cardiac muscle cels after ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Exendin-4 pretreatment on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS:The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established in rats and then received Exendin-4 pretreatment. Ischemia/reperfusion group and sham operation group were set. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results showed that Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression levels in the Exendin-4 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while Bax protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased compared with ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.05). In addition, apoptosis index was more significantly decreased in the Exendin-4 group than in the ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.05). Exendin-4 can protect rat heart muscle against ischemia/reperfusion injury and effectively inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and the underlying mechanism is mediated by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating Bax expression.
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Objective To evaluate the effect on the booster immunization of different dosage of hepatitis B vaccine among children and to provide suggestions for booster immunization.Methods Children aged 5 -1 4 years old were randomly selected who had received the primary immunization of hepatitis B vaccine under 1 year old but had not received the booster immunization in Yuhuan county.A total of 547 children received 5 μg hepatitis A and B combined vaccine boost immunization and 688 children received 1 0 μg hepatitis B vaccine boost immunization in 2009.The anti -HBs levels before and after the boost immunization were detected.Results The anti -HBs positive rates of children received 5 μg and 1 0 μg vaccine boost immunization were 97.81 % and 96.08% respectively and the positive rates in the antibody negative children were 94.78% and 93.62% respectively.While the Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) of anti -HBs were 1 433.1 8 mIU /mL and 21 1 1 .43 mIU /mL respectively,which were both significantly higher than those before the boost immunization (P <0.001 ).The increase of GMT of children received 1 0 μg hepatitis B vaccine was significantly higher than that of children received 5 μg hepatitis A and B combined vaccine (P <0.05).Conclusion Both dosages of hepatitis B vaccine booster immunization are effective for children aged 5 -1 4 years old and 1 0 μg hepatitis B vaccine boost immunization has the better effect.
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Previous studies have shown that ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of active components in ginseng, can activate insulin signaling pathway and promote translocation of glucose transporters (GLUTs) to increase glucose uptake in adipocytes. However, the effect of Rb1 on the expressions of GLUTs remains unknown. In this study, the effects of Rb1 on GLUT1 and GLUT4 were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and epididymal adipose tissue of db/db obese diabetic mice. Male db/db mice were treated with Rb1 by intraperitoneal injection at the dosage of 20 mg x kg(-1) for 14 d. Rb1 reduced HOMA-IR significantly (P < 0.05, n = 5), and FBG and FINS sowed declining trend after treatment with Rb1. Rb1 recovered the expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT4 and phosphorylation of AKT in adipose tissue of db/db mice. In vitro, glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with 10 micromol x L(-1) Rb1 for 24 h was elevated (P < 0.05, n=3), and mRNA of GLUT1 and GLUT4 were up-regulated (P < 0.05, n=3) and proteins of GLUT1 and GLUT4 were also increased. AKT was activated in adipocytes treated with Rb1 for 3 h. It can be concluded that ginsenoside Rb1 can up-regulate the expression of GLUTs in adipose tissue, in addition to activate insulin signalling pathway, which may partially account for its insulin sensitizing activity and regulating effect of glucose metabolism.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , 3T3 Cells , Adipocytes , Cell Line , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Metabolism , Ginsenosides , Pharmacology , Glucose , Metabolism , Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred NOD , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Ginsenoside Rb1 is an active component in ginseng. Previous in vitro experiments showed that ginsenoside Rb1, could inhibit lipolysis and promote glucose transporter in adipocytes. This study focused on the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 in insulin resistance and ectopic fat deposit in obese mice induced by high fat diet and its molecular mechanism. Obese male C57/L mice induced by high fat diet were randomly divided into the diet-induced obesity group (DIO group), the ginsenoside Rb1 group (Rb1 group) and the rosiglitazone group (Rog group), and continuously fed with high fat diet. In addition, male C57/L mice fed with normal diet were selected as the normal group (NC group). Mice in Rb1 group and Rog groups were intraperitoneally injected with ginsenoside Rb1 and rosiglitazone with the dosage of 20 mg x kg(-1) and 10 mg x kg(-1), respectively. NC and DIO groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of saline. Two weeks later, the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed. Three days later, the mice were killed, and their serum samples were collected to detect insulin and free fatty acid (FFA). Their livers were weighed to examine the triglyceride content, and a pathological detection was performed. Epididymal adipose tissues were weighed, and PDE3B, HSL and perilipin were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that the treatment with ginsenoside Rb1 for two weeks could improve the glucose tolerance of obese mice. Except for 0-120 min, the areas under the glucose tolerance curve (0-30 min, 0-60 min and 0-90 min) in the Rb1 group were less than that in the DIO group (P < 0.05, n = 5), with a much lower HOMA-IR (P < 0.05, n = 5). The fat level of obese mice was significantly reduced by Rbl (P < 0.05, n = 5), and so were liver weight/weight (P < 0.05, n = 8). The increased serum FFA of obese mice declined after the treatment of Rb1 (P < 0.05, n = 8). Rb1 could partially recover the expression of perilipin in adipose tissues, but without obvious change in the expressions of PDE3B and HSL and the phosphorylated activation. The above findings indicated that ginsenoside Rb1 could reduce the release of FFA and alleviate the ectopic deposit of triglyceride by up-regulating the expression of perilipin in adipose tissue, which may be one of its mechanisms for improving the insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism of organisms.
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Animals , Male , Mice , Adipose Tissue , Pathology , Body Weight , Diet, High-Fat , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified , Blood , Gene Expression Regulation , Ginsenosides , Pharmacology , Glucose Tolerance Test , Insulin , Blood , Insulin Resistance , Liver , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Obesity , Blood , Metabolism , Pathology , Organ Size , Triglycerides , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of miR-126 (micro RNA-126) in rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) proliferation and migration and the starget gene of miR-126 by bioinformatics and experimental survey.Method EPCs were transfected with control oligoes and miR-126 mimics or inhibitor by electroporation.MTT was performed to evaluate the growth of EPCs subjecting to miR-126 overexpression.Cell migration analysis was done by wound healing and transwell assay.The target genes of miR-126 were predicted by TargetScan and validated by Western blot.Result (1) miR-126 mimics promoted EPCs growth at 24 h post cell transfection (P ＜ 0.01).In contrast,the EPCs growth was immue from miR-126 application at 48 and 72 h.(2) Both the wound healing and transwell assay show that miR-126 promotes EPCs migration (P ＜ 0.01) and miR-126 inhibitor inhibits EPCs migration (P ＜ 0.01).(3)It is predicted that KANK2 is the potential target gene of miR-126 by TargetScan online software.(4) The results of Western blot indicated that miR-126 mimics repress the expression of KANK2 compared with NC but miR-126 inhibitor enhances KANK2 expression.Conclusions miR-126 has a transient effect on the promotion of EPCc growth.miR-126 promotes EPCs migration and targets KANK2 protein.
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BACKGROUND: A better understanding of medical students' attitude towards living liver donation in China would be of importance significance in the development of organ transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the medical students' attitude toward living liver donation in China and to analyze the factors that affect such an attitude.METHODS: A random sample of 250 medical students was taken and stratified by grades with 50 students in each grade. The attitude was evaluated by a modified psychosocial questionnaire from Spain. The questionnaire was completed anonymously and was self-administered. A bivariate analysis including the Student's t test and the Chi-square test was performed using SPSS software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The questionnaire completion rate was 97.2% (n=243) for the medical students. Among the respondents, only 13.2% (n=32) of them were in favor of unrelated living liver donation. Another 66.3% (n=161) were only in favor if the donation was for a relative. Of the rest, 6.6% (n=16) did not agree with living liver donation, and the remaining 14.0% (n=34) were undecided. The factors related to this attitude were the decision of donating the organs of a family member (P=0.002), attitude toward deceased donation (P=0.000), a willingness to receive a donated living liver organ if one were needed (P=0.000), attitude toward living kidney donation (P=0.000). The medical students have a favorable attitude toward living liver donation in China. The students' attitude toward other types of organ donation and the willingness to accept living donated liver influence their attitude toward living liver donation. There is a great lack of education about the organ donation and transplantation for the medical students in China and more education programs should be incorporated into their traditional curriculum.
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BACKGROUND: Islet transplantation is an effective therapy for type I diabetic patients sensitive to insulin.OBJECTIVE: To investigate and evaluate the status and obstacles of islet transplantation in type I diabetes in China.METHODS: Published articles reported from January 1980 to December 2008 on Chinese Medical Current Contents database,the national funds from 2002 to 2008 in the database of National Natural Science Foundation of China on islet transplantation were searched to analyze the status of islet transplant research and clinical practice in China.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 340 articles were reported from 1980 to 2008 related to islet transplantation in China, including 165 (48.5%) basic research, 45 (13.2%) clinical research and 130 (38.2%) reviews. Most of researches were conducted in the developed regions in the east of China. The Edmonton protocol had a great impact on the islet transplant research in China, and many projects of islet transplant have been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation. However, there remains obstacles in this field, such as organ and capital shortage and incomplete organ donation system.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of increasing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) flow volume in improving outcome of patients with carotid artery stenosis performed coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-one patients data collected from January 2006 to March 2008 and divided into two groups (A and B) based on the degree of the carotid artery stenosis diagnosed by ultrasound. Group A included 15 cases with one or both carotid artery stenosis more than 50%, 14 male and 1 female, aged (68.5 +/- 7.7) years old, 14 with hypertension, 2 with diabetes, 6 with myocardial infarction, 3 with cerebral infarction. Group B included 36 cases with stenosis less than 50%, 34 male and 2 female, aged (62.4 +/- 10.2) years old, 28 with hypertension, 7 with diabetes, 20 with myocardial infarction. Increasing CPB flow volume in A group to compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) within procedure in both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CPB flow volume in group A was much higher than it in group B (P = 0.001). Mean arterial blood pressure in group A was (67.0 +/- 9.1) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), higher than group B (59.0 +/- 7.1) mm Hg (P = 0.009). There was no significant difference of CBF within procedure and neuropsychologic performance in both group as result.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For the patients presenting with carotid artery stenosis undergoing the procedure of CABG with CPB, increasing CPB flow volume could improve significantly diseased side cerebral blood flow and might reduce neurological complications.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Methods , Carotid Stenosis , Coronary Artery Bypass , Methods , Myocardial Infarction , General Surgery , Postoperative Complications , Prognosis , Regional Blood Flow , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expressions of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and their association with reactive astrocytes following spinal cord injury in adult rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult rats with compression injury of the spinal cord were divided into 7 groups (n=6) and examined at 1, 3, and 5 days and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the injury. The recovery of the locomotor function after the injury was evaluated with Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, and the degree and scope of the spinal injury were assessed using toluidine blue staining. Immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescent labeling and an image analysis system were employed to observe nestin and GFAP expression and cell proliferation in different regions of the spinal cord.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bilateral hind limb locomotor function of the rats declined severely 24 h after the spinal cord injury and underwent substantial recovery in 1 or 2 weeks after the injury, but followed by rather slow recovery afterwards. Toluidine blue staining of the spinal cord 24 h after the injury showed significant pathological changes in the neurons. The extension of the tissue injury increased with time till 1 week after the spinal cord injury. The site of injury and the adjacent tissues presented with markedly increased nestin and GFAP expressions 24 h after the injury, and nestin+/GFAP(-) cells dominated in the ependymal region around the central canal, whereas nestin+/GFAP+ dominated in the in other regions, showing significant difference from the control group. Nestin and GFAP expression reached the peak level 3 to 7 days after the injury and declined gradually till reaching nearly the control level at 2 weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compression injury of the spinal cord induces up-regulated expressions of nestin and GFAP, and nestin expression is positively correlated to the reactive astrocytes, which, along with the neural stem cells, respond to spinal nerve injury and possibly play a role in repair of the central nervous system injury.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Astrocytes , Pathology , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein , Genetics , Intermediate Filament Proteins , Genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Genetics , Nestin , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal Cord Injuries , Metabolism , Pathology , Stem Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate, at the DNA level, the polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, -Cw genes in the Chinese of Han ethnicity in Shenyang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hybridization with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) was used to determine HLA-A, -B and -Cw genotypes of 108 unrelated healthy individuals from a Chinese Han population. These Hans were born and living in the Shenyang area.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers of alleles identified were 21 for HLA-A, 43 for HLA-B, and 23 for HLA-Cw. All the allele frequency distributions were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using molecular method, the present authors have analyzed the characteristic of HLA I distribution in a group of indigenous Hans in Shenyang and thus have provided more accurate gene data for use in related researches.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alleles , China , DNA , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , HLA-A Antigens , Genetics , HLA-B Antigens , Genetics , HLA-C Antigens , Genetics , Linkage Disequilibrium , Oligonucleotide Probes , Polymerase Chain Reaction , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the molecular and cellular mechanism of Zaohuang Capsule No.3 (ZHC3) in treating chronic renal failure through observing the effect of ZHC3 on the human glomerular mesangial cells (GMC). Methods The proliferation of human GMC fostered in ZHC3 was detected by MTT, and the fibronectin (FN), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF-?1) secretion was detected by ELISA. Results ZHC3 significantly inhibited GMC proliferation (P
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Objective To summarize the experience of the trans-unilateral nasal and sphenoidal approach to pituitary denomas.Methods 20 cases of pituitary adenomas were removed by the trans-unilateral nasal and sphenoid approach under operating microscope,of which there were 2 microadenoma patients,16 macroadenoma patients;2 giant pituitary adenoma patients.Results Of all the 20 patients,12 had total resection of tumor;4 had subtotal resection of tumor and 4 had part resection of tumor.All cases showed improvement.After the operation,3 had diabetes insipidus and 2 had CSF rhinorrhea,which had been cured by the time they left the hospital.Conclusion this method is minimally invasive with short operative distance,time and fewer complications.
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Objective To observe the effect of ginsenoside Rb1,the most abundant ginsenoside in ginseng root,on differentiation and lipolysis of 3T3-L1 cells and to explore its anti-diabetic mechanism.Methods 3T3-L1 preadipoeytes were induced under standard differentiation process in the presence of 0.1,1,10,100?mol/L ginsenoside Rb_1 for 6 days.Oil red O staining,measurement of triglyceride contents and glucose uptake assay were performed.The expressions of mRNA and protein of PPAR?2,C/EBP?,ap2,glucose transporter (Glut) 1,and Glut4 were analysed with quantitative real time-PCR and Western blot.The binding affinity of Rb_1 to PPAR?-LBD was evaluated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR).Lipolysis of adipocytes was examined by the measurement of glycerol released from adipoeytes treated with Rb_1 for 1 h.Results Ginsenoside Rb_1 facilitated differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipoeytes in a dose-depondent manner.10?mol/L ginsenoside Rb_1 increased lipid accumulation by about 56%.Treatment of differentiating adipocytes with 10?mol/L ginsenoside Rb_1 increased the expressions of PPAR?2 and C/EBP?mRNA and protein,as well as mRNA expression of ap2,one of their target genes.After treatment of differentiating adipoeytes with Rb_1,basal and insulin-mediated glucose transport augmented significantly accompanied by up-regulations of mRNA and protein level of Glut4,but not of Glutl.SPR showed Rb_1 could bind to PPAR?which suggested Rb_1 was a ligand of PPAR?.Ginsenoside Rb_1 inhibited basal lipolysis in adipoeytos in a dose-dependent manner.However,it did not affect isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis.Conclusion As a PPAR?ligand,ginsenoside Rb_1 promotes adipogenesis,inhibitas basal lipolysis and inereasos basal and insulin-mediated glucose transport in cultured adipoeytes.Therefore,anti-diabetic and insulin-sensitizing activity of ginsenosides is,at least in part,involved in the enhancing effect on PPAR?2 and C/EBP?expressions,hence promoting adipogenesis and glucose uptake,and inhibiting lipolysis in adipocytes.